Home Q&A Forum Is a Release and Waiver Agreement legally binding if signed by a minor?

Contracts

Waiver And Release

Maryland

Asked on Aug 15, 2025

Is a Release and Waiver Agreement legally binding if signed by a minor?

I recently organized a sports event for children, and in order for them to participate, their parents were required to sign a Release and Waiver Agreement. However, one of the participants was a minor who signed the agreement without parental consent. I am now concerned about the legal enforceability of the agreement and whether it can hold the minor accountable in case of any injury or liability.

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Contracts

Maryland

Answered 256 days ago

Randy M.

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August 8, 2025

A Release and Waiver Agreement signed solely by a minor is generally not enforceable. Minors, typically defined as under 18 in most jurisdictions, lack contractual capacity. This means they cannot be held to most agreements because the law recognizes that children often lack the maturity to understand the consequences of binding legal commitments. Any contract they sign is voidable at their option, which means the minor can disaffirm it while still underage or for a reasonable period after reaching adulthood. Why a Minor’s Signature Alone Is Not Enough In your situation, the child signed the waiver without a parent or guardian. That creates several legal problems. First, there is no valid contract formation because the minor has no legal capacity to bind themselves. Second, even if you treated the waiver as effective, the minor could disaffirm it at any time, leaving you without protection. Third, courts are particularly wary of liability waivers for children’s activities. Public policy favors protecting minors, so judges are reluctant to allow event organizers to shield themselves from responsibility based solely on a document signed by a child. The Role of Parental Consent If a waiver is going to have any chance of being upheld, it must be signed by a parent or legal guardian. Even then, the law is not uniform. Some states permit parental waivers for recreational or voluntary activities if the terms are clear and unambiguous, while other states reject them outright as a matter of public policy. For example, California courts have enforced parental waivers in youth sports programs, while courts in New Jersey and Illinois have refused to enforce them. A properly drafted waiver should name the child, clearly spell out the risks, and show that the parent understands and accepts those risks. Implications for Your Event Since the waiver in question was signed only by the minor, it provides no meaningful protection. If the child were injured, the parents could still bring claims for medical expenses, pain and suffering, or other damages. Your organization would have no defense based on the waiver. Even if a parent had signed, the enforceability would still depend on your state’s laws and whether the waiver language met local requirements. Best Practices Going Forward For future events, you should require that every participant under 18 has a waiver signed by a parent or legal guardian. Make sure the agreement identifies both the child and the signing adult, and ensure the waiver language is easy to read and unambiguous. In addition, review your liability insurance coverage with your carrier. Insurance is your strongest line of defense because even enforceable waivers can be challenged, and litigation costs can be significant. Finally, you may want to have your waiver reviewed by a lawyer familiar with the specific state laws governing youth sports and recreational programs, as enforceability can differ dramatically from one jurisdiction to another. On Contracts Counsel, you can connect with an experienced contract attorney who can review your waiver and advise you on the best way to protect your organization

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