Settlement Agreement: How They Work, Key Terms
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What is a Settlement Agreement?
A settlement agreement is a legally binding contract that outlines the resolution to a dispute. After negotiations but prior to a final judgement, parties can come to a mutual agreement to an outcome for the case and enter a legally binding settlement agreement.
Settlement agreements are common in divorce and marital disputes, property disputes, personal injury cases, and employment disputes. These agreements not only keep disputes out of court, but they also save parties from having to pay expensive legal fees for continued litigation and trial.
There are certain legal requirements to which a settlement agreement must adhere to be valid and legally binding. Once a settlement agreement is complete, it must be presented to and approved by a judge.
How Do Settlement Agreements Work?
When two parties decide that they would like to pursue a settlement agreement rather than proceed to trial, negotiations will begin. It is common to use a non-biased mediator to assist the parties in coming to mutually agreeable terms.
During negotiations, the parties will lay out their terms and goals for the agreement and go back and forth until every issue in the case is settled. After the parties have agreed on all terms and it is ensured that all legal requirements of the settlement agreement are fulfilled, a judge must approve and sign off on the agreement.
If you want to be sure you’re prepared for a successful settlement agreement, read this article.
Marital Settlement Agreements
A marital settlement agreement (MSA) or divorce settlement agreement is a very common type of agreement. A couple going through a divorce may find a settlement agreement beneficial to save money on legal fees and to keep their dispute as civil as possible.
Depending on which state you reside in, marital settlement agreements are referred to by many different names. Examples of some other names for marital settlement agreements include:
- Separation Agreement
- Separation and Property Settlement Agreement
- Custody, Support, and Property Agreement
- Mediated Separation Agreement
- Collaborative Settlement Agreement
- Property Settlement Agreement (PSA)
Some issues that may be covered in a marital settlement agreement include:
- Property division
- Child custody
- Child support
- Alimony
- Health insurance for either party or the child
- Retirement benefits
- Life insurance policies
If two divorcing parties can agree to the terms of their divorce, an attorney or mediator can draft the marital settlement agreement. In some states, a judge will review the terms to make sure they are fair. This agreement will then be incorporated into the final divorce decree. This makes the agreement a binding court order and if either party violates it, they can be held in contempt of court.
Often in a divorce case, one party will draft a settlement agreement to propose to the other party. It is important to remember that it is just a proposal, and you are not obligated to agree to all the terms and sign it. This is just the beginning of negotiations. You should consider consulting a family law lawyer to look over the proposed terms to ensure you are protected.
Even if you agree to all the proposed terms, it is still imperative that you have your own lawyer review the proposal. You want to make sure that someone who is representing your best interests has gone over the agreement. This is the only way to protect your interests and rights.
Although once signed a divorce settlement agreement becomes legally binding, that does not mean that it cannot be modified or revised. If the revision involves a financial matter, generally both parties will have to agree to the revision.
However, if there is a significant change in circumstances, child support, custody, or visitation, can be modified by a judge to protect the best interests of the child.
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Property Settlement Agreements
When an unmarried couple separates, they are not governed by the same laws and regulations as a married couple going through a divorce. If there no children involved, the biggest issue in a break-up is the division of property. This is where a property settlement agreement can be useful.
Most states follow similar guidelines for property laws of unmarried couples. Each person is presumed to have their own property and their own debts unless they have combined their property (like a joint bank account or both names on the deed to a house). If there are joint assets, each person is entitled to a 50% share unless they can prove a larger contribution.
Unmarried couples will not receive any sort of alimony from each other and usually are not entitled to mediations like married couples are in divorce. Any property disputes would be handled by civil court proceedings.
It is recommended that if you plan on living with a partner without being married, you draft and sign a property agreement before a dispute or break-up occurs. Having a valid contract will avoid painful issues down the road should separation become imminent.
Click here to view an example of a property settlement agreement.
Business Settlement Agreements
Business disputes are very common can arise for a wide variety of business activities. Some common business lawsuits include:
- Breach of contract
- Intellectual property
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Unfair competition
- Securities and stocks
Rather than pay expensive legal fees to litigation lawyers to go to court, a business may decide that a business settlement agreement is the appropriate action for their dispute.
Parties involved in a business dispute can choose to participate in informal negotiations or they can use alternative dispute resolution methods like arbitration, mediation, and facilitation.
Because a lawsuit can negatively impact a business in many ways, it is always recommended that a business attempt to settle a dispute outside of court. This protects a business from possible bankruptcy, scandal, and exposing trade secrets.
Is a Settlement Agreement Final Judgment?
If a settlement agreement has been signed by both parties and approved by a judge, then it is legally binding and enforceable. However, after a case has been dismissed, the court no longer has the power to enforce a settlement agreement. Therefore, it is important to have the agreement incorporated into a final judgment or decree.
If either party refuses to adhere to the contract, a breach in settlement occurs. Every state has different procedures for handling a breach of agreement but generally a new lawsuit will need to be filed.
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Can I Write My Own Settlement Agreement?
Parties can draft their own settlement agreement; however, it is not recommended. It is always best to have a dispute lawyer assist in the settlement agreement process to ensure the document is both fair and legal.
Settlement agreements must adhere to certain legal requirements to be legally enforceable. In addition to the agreement being in writing, it must also include:
- An offer by one party
- Acceptance by the other party
- Proof of valid consideration from both parties free of coercion, duress, or threat
- Mutual agreement to all the terms
- Legal purpose
It is very common when drafting your own agreement to make mistakes or leave out information. Even if you think your settlement agreement is straightforward, any little error can have a great impact on your rights. Common legal drafting mistakes when creating your own settlement agreement include:
- Failing to address all terms which can include all property, debts, etc.
- Including terms that don’t follow the laws in your state
- Failing to properly express your agreement in writing
It is important to remember that different states and jurisdictions may have different requirements for settlement agreements. A family lawyer or litigation lawyer could help walk you through the process.
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Scott S.
I specialize in business law and contracts, with an emphasis on commercial transactions and negotiations, document drafting and review, employment, business formation, e-commerce, technology, healthcare, privacy, commercial real estate, data security and compliance. Specifically, I've drafted, reviewed and/or negotiated thousands of MSA's, NDA's, TOS', SAAS, sales, service, managed services, referral, reseller, royalty, finder’s fee, employment, contractor, consulting, advertising, marketing, manufacturing, distribution, management, artist, author, agency, photography, rental, lease, vendor, partnership, website, platform, application, privacy, non-compete, non-circumvent, confidentiality, IP ownership and licensing agreements so I'm very familiar with these types of documents. Practicing law since 2006, I worked in-house before starting my own solo practitioner law firm in 2011. I've worked with individuals and start-ups, Fortune 500 companies, and every type of entity in between, always providing quality legal work that fits the exact needs of the person and/or business. I’m a graduate of the Benjamin Cardozo Law School and also have an English degree from Penn.
"Scott helped me reviewed the contracts and saved me from getting into a trap of an outsourced sales services provider from Philippines and Australia"
Brian W.
As a licensed AL lawyer with over 7 years of experience in the legal field, I have spent more than 15 years working in the business and finance sector. I am deeply passionate about immigration, contracts, & my expertise spans a wide range of projects. From handling ICOs & IPOs to navigating VCs, SaaS, OnlyFans, Wholesaler & Manufacturing Agreements, Prenups, Movie Finance, M & As, Visas, Green Cards and more. I have a comprehensive understanding of various contractual needs. Whatever your contract requirements may be, feel free to reach out to me—I can craft or work on any contract with precision and expertise.
"Brian was great to work with and delivered the work requested well before the deadline. He went above and beyond to provide what I needed for my project. Thanks, Brian!"
Kenneth G.
Kenneth E. Gray, Jr. is a business and tax attorney who advises entrepreneurs, investors, and closely held companies on transactions, tax planning, disputes, and long-term wealth structuring. He focuses on helping clients make legally sound decisions that also make business sense. Ken’s practice includes business formation and restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, private investments and fundraising transactions, contract drafting and negotiation, and cross-border matters. He also maintains a significant tax practice, advising on federal and state structuring, specialty filings (including partnership, corporate, and non-resident matters), and representing clients in disputes before the U.S. Tax Court and other federal and state tribunals. In addition to his transactional work, Ken handles commercial and business litigation, including tax controversies, financial disputes, and partnership matters. His litigation experience informs how he structures deals and governance documents, with an eye toward preventing disputes before they arise. Ken also advises individuals and families on estate planning, trust formation, tax-efficient wealth transfer strategies, and probate administration, including planning involving closely held businesses and foreign assets. Before practicing law, Ken worked in banking and private equity, including managing a $5 billion emerging markets fund-of-funds portfolio at the U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and serving in equity research at ABN AMRO. That financial background allows him to understand transactions from both the legal and capital perspective. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and an MBA from Yale University. He practices before the U.S. Tax Court, various state courts, and other federal courts.
"It is not easy to find a lawyer that knows Offshore Asset Protection Trusts, which own a foreign LLC, which owns a USA LLC. Fines could reach $100K if the tax forms are incorrect, or not filed. He was able to review my draft returns and provide memos with required changes (many, many changes), after 1 follow-up everything was basically done other than a few tiny edits. I really appreciated how he worked me in, right in the busiest time of tax season, to ensure there were no errors. Would definitely hire again."
Alexander M.
Broad area practice including Business (domestic & international), IP, Employment, Family Law, Administrative, etc. My focus is a direct, no-BS approach with fast turn around times on completed work.
"I highly recommend him! He prepared an entire prenuptial agreement for us in just a few hours, and we even had direct communication later in the evening to make sure everything was completed properly. He was extremely responsive, professional, and efficient throughout the entire process. Without a doubt, I would recommend him to anyone looking for a reliable and dedicated attorney."
Stephen R.
Steve Reich is licensed to practice in both New York and Massachusetts and is based in Boston. He assists with environmental litigation and other complex litigation and heads the firm's intellectual property practice, including copyright and trademark registration and protection. Other practice areas include commercial contract drafting and civil litigation.
"Stephen was responsive, clear, and candid. He turned the work around quickly, welcomed my input, and offered honest, practical advice throughout. I would gladly hire him again."
Garrett M.
I am a solo practitioner with a practice mostly consisting of serving as counsel to start-ups and small business owners and investors. With a practical business background, I aim to bring practical, business minded solutions to my client's legal problems and pride myself on efficient yet effective work.
"Garrett was extremely professional, attentive, and adhered to the very tight deadlines we had set. I would like to highlight that, in addition to completing the task assigned to him, he took the initiative to research all parties involved in the contract to provide us with the best possible support. We are very satisfied and look forward to working with him again."
Billy Joe M.
I graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2006 with a degree in Political Science, Finance, and Economics. I stayed around Champaign for law school and graduated in 2009. I then worked at a big law firm in downtown Chicago. It was boring, so I quit in early 2011. I thought that I could not be happy practicing law - I was wrong. After I quit the traditional law firm life, I began representing my own clients. I realize now that I love helping normal people, small business owners, and non-profits address a variety of legal issues. I hope to hear from you.
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Employee Rights
Settlement Agreement
Florida
How are damages outlined in a settlement agreement?
I recently reached a settlement agreement with a former employer in a dispute over unpaid wages. The settlement agreement outlines that I am to receive a certain amount of money as damages, however, I am unclear on how these damages were calculated and if there are any additional costs or fees associated with the settlement agreement. I am hoping to find out more information on how the damages were determined so that I can make sure I am receiving a fair settlement.
Linda W.
Your questions are certainly valid and you are entitled to answers. And you should receive the information before you sign a settlement agreement. Some of the terms of which should be included in the settlement agreement, such as if there are any other fees or costs associated with the settlement.
Debt Collection
Settlement Agreement
Washington
I was injured when a Chinese safety product and won my argument.
I bought a safety sling off Amazon (I am Paraplegic) and the first time I used the lifting harness it failed and I fell hitting my foot on the floor and injuring it. After a lengthy investigation I was awarded an $18,000 Settlement Agreement and McLarens did all negotiations for the Chinese Supplier (Vendor of Amazons) and the Wire Transfer was set up for payment. It has been over 100 days since the agreement was made and we still have not been paid. The agent of McLarens on behalf of the Chinese Company (NEFFT) is my only contact and negotiated this settlement with will not return my Email and 5 times she has emailed she says she will contact her Client but I do not hear back from her and have to ask all over again. She has stalled for over 100 days now. What is the time limit for non payment and if so can they be Sued for Breach and bad faith practices and would that qualify for 3 times the amount of Settlement for Breach? Also my injured Foot is getting worse on top of it! Please help if possible?
Merry K.
I'm so sorry to hear about this. However, you posted on ContractsCounsel in the "question and answer" part of ContractsCounsel - I think you should obtain legal help, and for this, you need to post your request in the "project" area and expect to pay an attorney for help and advice. I'm sorry, I'm unable to answer all your questions - I just dropped in to provide these comments to you. (Also, please do not ask for me for a project, and I am not available for this type of work right now).
Contracts
Settlement Agreement
Massachusetts
Can settlement agreement terms be ambiguous?
I recently entered into a settlement agreement with another party, and I am concerned that some of the language in the agreement may be ambiguous. I am worried that this ambiguity could lead to future misunderstandings or disputes, and I would like to know if there are any legal implications associated with ambiguous terms in a settlement agreement.
Brian W.
In any and all agreements, not just settlement, make sure all ambigious terms are defined. Do not sign something you truly do not understand. Please consult a lawyer to review the settlement agreement for further analysis and legal implications.
Employee Rights
Settlement Agreement
Washington
Are there caps on damages in settlement agreements?
I am a small business owner who is in the process of settling a dispute with a former employee. The employee is claiming a certain amount of damages, which I believe is excessive. I am interested in finding out if there are any caps on damages that can be included in a settlement agreement, as I would like to come to an agreement that is fair and reasonable for both parties.
Merry K.
In Washington, there are no punitive damages. Employment resolutions are usually based on some percentage or multiple of a person's salary. It is your job to reach a settlement that is fair and reasonable for you, not for a litigant against you (that's their job, not yours). If you are having difficulty resolving this dispute, you may want to consider mediation. Before you pay the employee, be sure to have them sign a full and complete release of all current and future liability and claims against you individually, your business, your heirs; etc. Also, if you have business insurance, it's possible you are entitled to a free attorney to represent you in this dispute.
Litigation
Settlement Agreement
Texas
Can settlement agreement details be public?
I recently entered into a settlement agreement with another party and am concerned about the details of the agreement being made public. I am worried that the agreement may contain sensitive information that could be detrimental to my reputation or interests if it were to be shared publicly. I am looking for guidance on the legal implications of the settlement agreement being made public and what, if anything, I can do to protect myself in this situation.
J.R. S.
Yes, details of a settlement agreement can be made public, especially when a governmental body is involved due to the Public Information or Open Records Act. This act states that the public has a right to access information on government affairs and official acts of public officials and employees unless expressly excepted. However, there are exceptions to this general rule. For instance, disclosure of personnel information that would "constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy" is excepted. This is not to say that all settlement agreements are public. In some cases, parties to a settlement agreement may choose to include confidentiality clauses, which prevent the details of the settlement from being disclosed to the public or any third party. The legal rule for agreements between attorneys or parties touching any suit pending is that they will not be enforced unless they are in writing, signed and filed with the papers as part of the record, or unless they are made in open court and entered of record.
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