Business Lawyers for New Hampshire

A shareholders' agreement generally provides specified outcomes on issues that require a stockholder vote. Thus, who is on the board of directors, the sale of the company, and other major issues like that. The agreement requires that the stockholders vote in the agreed upon manner to enforce the agreement.

A joint venture is a partnership organized for a specific purpose. Let's say that you formed a joint venture to renovate a house and sell it. The joint venture ends once the project is completed. In this case the joint venture would end when you sold the house, PS For more information about business entities, download a free copy of my ebook "Should Your Small Business Become a Corporation or an LLC? A Look at Liabilities, State & Federal Taxation & More!" from my website types-of-business-ownership.com PS For more information about business entities, download a free copy of my ebook "Should Your Small Business Become a Corporation or an LLC? A Look at Liabilities, State & Federal Taxation & More!" from my website types-of-business-ownership.com

If you are interested in forming a series LLC (SLLC) in which a group of LLCs are owned in a tiered-down structure such that the top tier LLC owns the lower-tiered LLCs, then you have to from the SLLC in another state. A SLLC cannot be formed in California. You must register with the foreign SLLC with the California Secretary of State (SOS) before they start doing business in California. In California, LLCs can have one or more members. A member can be an entity or an individual. So if you are forming the LLCs in CA, then one LLC can own another LLC. There are various considerations when forming a LLC in California such as filing the appropriate documentation with the CA Secretary of State (e.g., Articles of Organization, Statement of Information), and having an Operating Agreement to govern, among other things, the LLC's business; LLC's management; members' rights, financial obligations and managerial duties; allocation of profits, losses, and distributions; tax implications; admitting new members or transferring interest; dissolution and winding up of the LLC.

Advantages of Forming an S-Corporation Tax Benefits: Pass-Through Taxation: An S-Corp does not pay federal income taxes at the corporate level. Instead, the income, deductions, and credits "pass through" to the shareholders, who report them on their personal tax returns. This avoids the "double taxation" that occurs with a C-Corporation. Self-Employment Tax Savings: As an S-Corp owner, you can divide income between salary and distributions. Only the salary portion is subject to payroll taxes (Medicare and Social Security), while distributions are not. This can reduce self-employment taxes. Tax Deductibility: Expenses such as health insurance premiums for shareholders may be deductible, along with business expenses. Liability Protection: Like other corporations, an S-Corp provides personal liability protection. Your personal assets (e.g., house, personal bank accounts) are generally shielded from business debts and legal actions against the company, provided you follow corporate formalities. Credibility: Forming an S-Corp can give your business greater credibility with customers, vendors, and lenders. It shows you are a legitimate business entity, which may help when seeking financing or contracts. Potential State Tax Benefits: Some states provide additional tax benefits for S-Corps, although this varies by state. Disadvantages of Forming an S-Corporation Ownership Restrictions: An S-Corp can have no more than 100 shareholders, and all shareholders must be U.S. citizens or residents. This can limit the growth potential if you plan to bring in additional investors. S-Corps can only issue one class of stock, which may restrict your ability to attract certain types of investors or structure equity creatively. Administrative and Legal Requirements: Corporate Formalities: S-Corps must adhere to certain formalities, such as holding annual shareholder meetings, maintaining a board of directors, keeping detailed records, and filing required documents with the state. Failure to follow these rules can result in losing your liability protection. Payroll Requirements: If you work in the business, you must pay yourself a reasonable salary, which adds payroll administrative costs. You’ll also have to withhold and pay employment taxes on that salary. Tax Complexity: While S-Corps offer tax advantages, they also bring complexity, especially when it comes to classifying distributions versus salary. Misclassification can trigger IRS audits or penalties. Some states do not recognize S-Corporation status, meaning your business may still be subject to state-level corporate taxes. Limited Flexibility in Income Allocation: S-Corps require that profits and losses be allocated strictly based on ownership percentage. This limits flexibility if you want to allocate profits disproportionately among shareholders.

An S-Corp has some limitations here (such as no more than 100 share holders and only one class of stock). Depending on the control that you seek to retain in your business, you may want to transition to a full C-Corp, restructure preferred (voting) shares from equity shares, and manage your business governance (Board of Directors, Officers, Resolutions, etc.) in a way big investors will find compelling.