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Meet some of our North Dakota Securities Lawyers
March 24, 2023
Morgan N.
Morgan is a real estate attorney with six years of experience in residential, land, and commercial real estate transactions. He has experience assisting municipalities, businesses, buyers and sellers in real estate related matters. He has worked on various projects including purchase agreements, contract for deed, easements, mortgages, access agreements, contract/lease review and also title review. Prior to entering private practice, Morgan was a Realtor and assisted buyers and sellers in residential sales and closing services. Morgan provides proactive, responsive and dependable work to each client and project.
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Chris H.
As an attorney licensed in California and currently practicing in Ohio, my primary focus is on drafting and reviewing prenuptial and postnuptial agreements. I offer help in drafting or navigating these agreements, ensuring they are tailored to each client's unique situation and needs. While my background includes experience in cybersecurity, my current legal services are centered around family law, particularly in the creation and revision of prenuptial and postnuptial agreements. Additionally, I provide services in wills and trusts, along with other legal areas, to offer comprehensive solutions to my clients.
Brian W.
As a licensed AL lawyer with over 7 years of experience in the legal field, I have spent more than 15 years working in the business and finance sector. I am deeply passionate about immigration, contracts, & my expertise spans a wide range of projects. From handling ICOs & IPOs to navigating VCs, SaaS, OnlyFans, Wholesaler & Manufacturing Agreements, Prenups, Movie Finance, M & As, Visas, Green Cards and more. I have a comprehensive understanding of various contractual needs. Whatever your contract requirements may be, feel free to reach out to me—I can craft or work on any contract with precision and expertise.
Ellen B.
Generated 20+ types of legal documents: contractual agreements, settlement agreements, demand letters, court orders, motions, mediation reports, briefs, complaints. Maintained active caseloads of 30+ clients at a time in high conflict, high emotional costs litigation. Prepared for daily client meetings, weekly trials, multiple daily hearings by creating legal documentation, timelines, case notes, conducting research.
Fabian G.
Fabian graduated with honors from the University of Miami School of law, where he served as the articles and comments editor for the law school's Race and Social Justice Law Review. He received the John F. Evans Memorial Scholarship Award for excellence in the university's Litigation Skills Program and the HOPE Pro Bono award for completing more than one hundred (100) pro bono hours. Additionally, he received the CALI Excellence for the future award in Sports Law. He focuses his practice on corporate, real estate and immigration matters. Fabian has experience representing luxury hotel owners and operators in connection with the drafting of hotel management agreements, restaurant license agreements, and complex restaurant leases for domestic and international projects including: Nobu Tulum, Nobu Punta Cana, Nobu Orlando, Nobu Chicago and the Nickelodeon Hotel in Riviera Maya, Mexico, among others. He has represented clients in the commercial real estate industry in connection with the drafting of purchase and sale agreements, promissory notes, and mortgages. Lastly, Fabian routinely counsels corporate clients in connection with the drafting of articles of organization, operating agreements, and other documents related to acquisitions, restructurings and investments.
May 22, 2023
Erik W.
Erik J. Washington completed his undergraduate studies at Florida A&M University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with a concentration in Finance. Mr. Washington went on to earn his Juris Doctor from Florida A&M University College of Law. Upon receiving his J.D., Mr. Washington was admitted to The Florida Bar and the United States District Court, Middle District of Florida. Mr. Washington started his legal career by working with a boutique Orlando law firm where his practice concentrated on family law, bankruptcy, helping clients with estate planning and probate matters, and advising homeowner’s association boards on proper administration. After that experience Mr. Washington later joined another mid-size Orlando law firm where he would eventually become the Managing Consumer Bankruptcy Attorney where he oversaw the filing and administration of hundreds of chapter 7 and chapter 13 cases. Prior to starting the Washington Law Firm, Mr. Washington was an associate at a Central Florida Bankruptcy law firm working under the tutu ledge of a highly respected bankruptcy attorney with over 20 years of bankruptcy experience. Mr. Washington has learned that bankruptcy is a tool designed that not only benefits a person in debt but is also good for the economy as a whole. It is because this new beginning and fresh start that it becomes a means of not only helping a person in debt, but it gives that person once in debt the chance to reestablish good credit and yet again borrow money to spend. Mr. Washington focuses on consumer bankruptcy, real estate, probate, and auto accidents.
May 22, 2023
Christopher M.
Skilled and experienced business attorney with vast experience in a wide array of commercial contracts. Strong emphasis on the lodging and hospitality practice field, including real estate acquisition and disposition, management agreements, franchise agreements, design & construction contracting and finance.
May 19, 2023
Holly H.
I have been licensed for 23 years in Texas and federal courts. I am available to work as registered In House Counsel in other states. For the past 14 years I have practiced Corporate Law, Oil and Gas, Agricultural Law, Commercial Real Estate (transactional), HR Law, and Environmental and Land Use. Prior to that, I practiced Criminal Law for both the prosecution and defense for ten years.
May 19, 2023
Michael O.
Successful entrepreneur and business attorney with keen insight into the challenges faced by small and medium-sized businesses. In addition to my solo practice, I have extensive experience as general counsel for highly regulated businesses where I have negotiated and drafted a wide array of contracts, conducted internal regulatory compliance, engaged in transactional work and assisted with general commercial litigation.
May 20, 2023
Andy K.
Licensed in MI since 2010. Practiced SSDI appeals and auto negligence for over a decade until 12/2022 when I left largest personal injury firm In MI to open my own estate planning firm. Looking for part-time contract/remote work to supplement income as I build my own practice.
May 21, 2023
Nancy S.
Seasoned corporate, business and real estate attorney with 30 years experience managing private practice groups and in-house legal functions for publicly traded, privately held, and family companies.
May 22, 2023
Bethany T.
I am an experienced family law attorney licensed in California and Florida with over 13 years of experience.
Securities Legal Questions and Answers
Securities
Investment Contract
California
Investment contract legal requirements?
I am interested in investing in a business opportunity, and the company has presented me with an investment contract. I want to ensure that the contract I am signing is legitimate and meets all legal requirements. I am looking for guidance from a lawyer to ensure that the contract is fair and legally binding.
Thaddeus W.
Happy to discuss, but it seem like maybe you want to post a formal request for bids.
Securities
SAFE Note
New York
What is the difference between a SAFE Note and Convertible Note?
I am considering raising money and have been advised to look at these two instruments to raise money on.
Ramsey T.
Both SAFES (Simple Agreements for Equity) and Convertible Notes "convert" into equity. The fundamental difference between the two is that SAFES have no built-in interest rate and have no "end date." Convertible Notes are debt so they have an interest rate and after a certain period of time (perhaps two years in most cases) they can be "cashed in" by the holder who can force the start-up to pay back the investor (principal plus interest). SAFES have become very accepted in the investing community at this time and I always recommend that a start-up issue SAFES (and conversely I always recommend that an investor get a convertible note).
Securities
SAFE Note
California
SAFE Note interest accrual?
I am a business owner who recently completed a Series A round of funding. As part of this funding round, I issued SAFE Notes to my investors. I am now trying to understand the implications of these notes, specifically regarding interest accrual. I want to make sure I am compliant with all the terms of the SAFE Note agreement and understand the effects of interest accrual on my company's finances.
Thaddeus W.
Thanks for the interesting question. There may be some conflation of issues here. A few points may help to clarify -- 1. A SAFE and a Note are different animals. Notes are debt instruments and, accordingly, usually have an interest component. SAFE's are not debt and so do not accrue interest. Convertible Notes and SAFE's are similar in that they both typically convert into preferred stock when the company **later** issues preferred stock. Also, Convertible Notes and SAFE's are often issued without regard to a company's then-current valuation. 2. You said your company issued SAFEs / Notes "as part of" a Series A funding. That's not legally impossible, of course, but it would be unusual, so it would be helpful to make sure we are using the same "glossary" of terms. Typically, the phrase "Series A funding" refers to a company's issuance of Series A Preferred Stock; such transactions involve putting a value on the company so that the Series A stock can be priced. Series A rounds often are preceded by the company issuing Convertible Notes or SAFE's without a valuation of the company (that is, the company and investors "kick the can down the road" to a later time when the company's operating history can justify a valuation). Then, when the Series A round occurs and shares of Series A are priced based on the company valuation, any pre-existing Convertible Notes and SAFE's convert into shares of Series A preferred stock at a conversion price that is equal to the price paid by the Series A purchasers, minus the discount that the Convertible Notes or SAFE's give to their holders. (NOTE: these days, often there is a round of preferred stock sold BEFORE Series A, called Series Seed. This is not required, but common. Sometimes SAFE's or Notes are issued between Series Seed and Series A, but, again, it would be the odd investor who purchased a SAFE or a Note in the same financing round in which preferred stock is sold.) 3. The implications of SAFE's and notes can be several. One of the biggest is their impact on the company's capitalization table ... that is, on the ownership interests of other shareholders, especially the founders. The terms of each Note or SAFE will determine their impact when they convert, especially if they have a "valuation cap" ... which is a provision by which an effective discount is given to the holder of the SAFE / Note. Valuation caps can result in more dilution to the founders and other pre-existing shareholders than they might expect, depending on the actual valuation of the company when these Convertible Notes and SAFE's do convert. 4. If you issued Convertible Notes or SAFE's as part of a Series A preferred stock round, the investors purchasing the Series A would have to have known about and approved of it. Their lawyers would have certainly raised eyebrows and asked questions. If these Convertible Notes / SAFE's were issued outside of the knowledge of the Series A investors, this would be expected to be problematic for the company, and possibly a breach of the Series A investment documents, or even a violation of certain securities laws. But, if all was approved by the investors, no problem. 5. Another implication worth noting is that since Convertible Notes are debt, they typically would be carried on (shown in) the company's balance sheet. Investors in Series A round always or nearly always have Information Rights to see the company's financial statements and be kept current on changes. Normally the company would have a contractual obligation to provide quarterly, if no monthly, financial reports and updates to Series A investors. These reports should include all information about SAFE's and Notes. 6. It should also be noted that Series A investment documents typically restrict the company from issuing many types of new securities without the approval of what these docs often call the "Requisite Holders." This is a defined term in the Series A investment docs (normally in the company amended and restated Charter), and is defined as the Series A holders that hold at least a stated number (e.g., a majority) of all of the Series A shares sold in the round. Note that these answers are not and should not be taken as legal advice for your particular situation. You should retain qualified legal counsel to have a formal lawyer-client relationship and your lawyer should review all relevant information. But, these concepts here are pretty fundamental. ~Thaddeus Wojcik, Wojcik Law Firm, PC
Securities
Stock Option Agreement
California
Stock option agreement and stock splits?
I am an employee of a company that is planning to offer stock options as part of my compensation package. I am trying to understand what would happen if my company does a stock split. Would my stock options be affected by the split, and if so, how? I want to make sure I understand the implications of a stock split before I accept the stock options as part of my compensation.
Thaddeus W.
Good question! Typically, a stock split will result in an appropriate adjustment to an option award so that, after the adjustment, the option holder (you, in this case) is "made whole" -- that is, you are effectively in the same place economically (as far as this option is concerned) after the split with the option as you were before. If you look at your company's Stock Plan (the plan under which your options were authorized and granted to you), you will probably find a section called "Changes in Capitalization." (Or, you can search to document for the word "split" and may be able to find the governing provision that way.) The provision might be included in your Stock Option Agreement, but typically it is covered in the Plan. Anyway, the provision (wherever it is located in your documents) would normally say something along the lines of the following: "In the event of a stock split (and other events), the following will occur: (i) the numbers and class of shares covered by your option award, (ii) the exercise price per share of each outstanding option, and (iii) any applicable repurchase price per share issued under any option award, will be automatically proportionately adjusted in the event of a stock split (or other event)." (Usually the language is even more "legalesey" but that's pretty much the jist of it.) Of course, its impossible to say for sure in your situation (or in any other specific situation) without seeing the relevant documents and knowing all other relevant details, but that would be the typical approach.
Securities
Convertible Note
Ohio
Convertible note vs. KISS agreement?
I am an early-stage startup founder looking to raise capital. I am exploring different financing options and am trying to decide between a Convertible Note and a KISS agreement. I want to understand the differences between these two financing options, and the advantages and disadvantages of each, in order to make an informed decision.
Paul S.
Probably the primary difference is that a convertible note is debt, with interest and a maturity date. I do a lot of work with startups, and I rarely see convertible notes used anymore, and never see KISS agreements used. SAFEs are much more prevalent. That being said, there are a lot of different variables in all these instruments, and you should never just download a template and use it without customizing to your needs and discussing it with an experienced startup attorney. There are also securities law considerations. Raising financing from investors is not a good DIY project.
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