Offering Memorandum: Definition, Purpose, Key Terms
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What is an Offering Memorandum?
An offering memorandum, sometimes called a private placement memorandum, is a legal document issued to potential investors in a private placement deal. It states the deal terms and conditions of the investment opportunity including potential risks and liabilities.
An offering memorandum provides a potential investor with relevant information about a company like in depth financial statements, financial performance, management biographies, description of business operations, and any other information that will help an investor perform due diligence.
Generally, a business owner will hire an investment banker to draft the offering memorandum. The memorandum is a legally binding document and must adhere to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) laws.
Purpose of an Offering Memorandum
The main purpose of an offering memorandum is for business owners of privately held companies to attract investors. The memorandum generates interest by allowing a potential investor to understand the risks, returns, operations, and capital structure of a business.
Offering Memorandum are often used for investment opportunities from:
- Exempt market dealers
- Private placement issuers
- Hedge funds
- Private equity firms
- Private capital firms
- Venture capital firms
- Private mortgage funds
The offering memorandum provides disclosures to the investor which is an important concept in investing. If an investor does not know all the facts about an investment opportunity, they cannot make a good decision about the investment.
Some information that should be disclosed in an offering memorandum includes:
- Management fees
- Investors’ voting rights
- Indebtedness of the business
- How the investment will be repaid
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Real Estate Offering Memorandums
Offering memorandums are used in real estate much like in any other investment opportunity. They are commonly used in apartment syndications and other types of commercial investments. The purpose of real estate offering memorandums is to secure investors to raise money to purchase property. Much like any other business plan, the offering memorandum will outline plans to increase property value and potential returns on investments.
Real estate offering memorandums will vary on format but should include the follow sections:
Section 1: Introduction
The introduction will include an overview of the investment opportunity, a description of the property, the minimum amount of capital required to invest, a date the offer expires, and all risks involved in the investment.
Section 2: Disclosures
Generally, there are three types of disclosures in a real estate offering memorandum.
- Sponsor Disclosure
The sponsor disclosure is proof that the sponsor is capable of entering the deal. This disclosure will include items such as the name and contact information of the sponsor and a list of fees and profits payable to the sponsor. It will also contain the sponsor’s background information including their deal history.
- Property Disclosure
The property disclosure contains information about the property. It will usually include estimated costs of projects, and revenue information. The property disclosure should also include the business owner’s plans for using the money raised in private placement.
- Risk Disclosure
The risk disclosure outlines any risks that an investor should be aware of. Some risks include environmental problems or market issues.
Section 3: Operating Agreement
The operating agreement outlines the structure of the proposed deal. It will state the roles and responsibilities of the sponsor and other investors who will be involved in the business plan. It should also contain the rights and roles of every party involved like level of ownership, termination plan, and requirements to transfer ownership.
Here is an article about Operating Agreements .
Section 4: Investment Summary
The investment summary is a large section of the offering memorandum that covers various subtopics which all have their own section and description. These subtopics include:
- Property description
- Investment opportunity
- Purchase price
- Total capitalization
- Preferred returns
- Manager/Sponsor
- Property/Asset manager
- Proposed structure
View some of our Real Estate Lawyers here .
Section 5: Subscription Agreement
The subscription agreement is a copy of the contract that would be signed should an investor agree to proceed with the deal. It should include all terms and how much ownership an investor would be entitled to.
For information on real estate appreciation, read this article.
Image via Pexels by RODNAE Productions
What’s Included in an Offering Memorandum
Every offering memorandum will be custom tailored depending on the investment, however each one must include certain detailed information to ensure the investors have all the information they need for due diligence.
Section 1: Introduction
The Introduction lays out the basic deal terms and offering. It will also provide the investor with some basic information about the company.
Section 2: Summary of Offering Terms
The summary of offering terms, or terms sheet, includes the capitalization of the company, liquidation preferences, conversion rights, voting rights and protective provisions for the investor.
Section 3: Risk Factors
This section will outline possible risks that an investor should be aware of before entering into the contract. Any risk that could impact the investor’s investment should be included in this section.
Section 4: Company Description
The company description should describe what the company does and provide a detailed history of the company including past performance and future goals. Also included in this section should be a description of the company’s competition, advertising strategy, intellectual property, and any other relevant information that an investor may be interested in.
Section 5: Use of Proceeds
Investors are generally interested in how their investment will be used. This section should describe how the company plans to use their funds.
Section 6: Description of Securities
A description of securities will outline the rights, restrictions and class of securities being offered to investors.
Section 7: Subscription Procedures
Subscription procedures are instructions for the investor about how to invest in the offering.
Section 8: Exhibits
In this section, the company can include any supplemental information that an investor may need to make an informed decision. Some examples of what may be included in exhibits are financial statements, shareholder agreements, and any licenses held by the company.
Here is an article that goes over a terms sheet .
Offering Memorandum vs Prospectus
An offering memorandum and a prospectus are very similar documents, however, while an offering memorandum is used for private placements, a prospectus is for publicly traded issues. A prospectus is used when a company is looking for public funds.
These documents share many similarities, and both serve as a detailed business plan to inform investors about their potential investment. Just like an offering memorandum, a prospectus will include terms of the offer, business structure, value, risks, and financial projections.
How to Make an Offering Memorandum
Generally, offering memorandum are drafted by an investment banker hired by the company. An effective offering memorandum should highlight your company’s strengths and provide all the relevant information an investor needs for due diligence.
Here are some things to consider when creating an offering memorandum:
- Readability - Design is important for an offering memorandum. Your document should be easy to read and aesthetically pleasing. Consider the font used, headings and subheadings, bolding key points, and utilizing bullet points for quick scanning.
- Imagery - Photos are especially important for a real estate offering memorandum. Be sure to include high quality professional photos to showcase your property to the investor.
- Writing Style - An offering memorandum is a business document and should be clear, concise, and direct. It needs to be able to be read and understood with ease. Eliminate “fluff” language, keep paragraphs short, and be sure that there are no grammatical errors.
- Call to Action - A clear call to action will encourage your potential investors to take the next step forward in the deal.
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Meet some of our Offering Memorandum Lawyers
Nicholas V.
I am a solo practitioner, and manager of the Law Office of Nicholas J. Vail, PLLC, with offices in Denver, Colorado and Austin, Texas with a focus on general business and real estate contracts.
"Nicholas was great! Highly recommend and I will be using his services again."
Jeremiah C.
Jeremiah C.
Creative, results driven business & technology executive with 27 years of experience (17+ as a business/corporate lawyer). A problem solver with a passion for business, technology, and law. I bring a thorough understanding of the intersection of the law and business needs to any endeavor, having founded multiple startups myself with successful exits. I provide professional business and legal consulting. Throughout my career I've represented a number large corporations (including some of the top Fortune 500 companies) but the vast majority of my clients these days are startups and small businesses. Having represented hundreds of successful crowdfunded startups, I'm one of the most well known attorneys for startups seeking CF funds. I hold a Juris Doctor degree with a focus on Business/Corporate Law, a Master of Business Administration degree in Entrepreneurship, A Master of Education degree and dual Bachelor of Science degrees. I look forward to working with any parties that have a need for my skill sets.
"Jeremiah was pleasant to speak to and provided high quality work. I appreciate that he took the time to call me personally instead of a paralegal. Work delivered early and high quality! Highly recommend"
Kenneth G.
Kenneth E. Gray, Jr. is a business and tax attorney who advises entrepreneurs, investors, and closely held companies on transactions, tax planning, disputes, and long-term wealth structuring. He focuses on helping clients make legally sound decisions that also make business sense. Ken’s practice includes business formation and restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, private investments and fundraising transactions, contract drafting and negotiation, and cross-border matters. He also maintains a significant tax practice, advising on federal and state structuring, specialty filings (including partnership, corporate, and non-resident matters), and representing clients in disputes before the U.S. Tax Court and other federal and state tribunals. In addition to his transactional work, Ken handles commercial and business litigation, including tax controversies, financial disputes, and partnership matters. His litigation experience informs how he structures deals and governance documents, with an eye toward preventing disputes before they arise. Ken also advises individuals and families on estate planning, trust formation, tax-efficient wealth transfer strategies, and probate administration, including planning involving closely held businesses and foreign assets. Before practicing law, Ken worked in banking and private equity, including managing a $5 billion emerging markets fund-of-funds portfolio at the U.S. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and serving in equity research at ABN AMRO. That financial background allows him to understand transactions from both the legal and capital perspective. He holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center and an MBA from Yale University. He practices before the U.S. Tax Court, various state courts, and other federal courts.
"It is not easy to find a lawyer that knows Offshore Asset Protection Trusts, which own a foreign LLC, which owns a USA LLC. Fines could reach $100K if the tax forms are incorrect, or not filed. He was able to review my draft returns and provide memos with required changes (many, many changes), after 1 follow-up everything was basically done other than a few tiny edits. I really appreciated how he worked me in, right in the busiest time of tax season, to ensure there were no errors. Would definitely hire again."
Donya G.
Donya G.
I am a Contracts and Mergers & Acquisitions Attorney with more than 25 years of diverse legal and business experience. My practice focuses on mergers and acquisitions, commercial contracts, contract dispute resolution, and a broad range of business-related legal matters. I have extensive experience managing and closing transactions across a variety of industries, including SaaS, IT, eCommerce, franchises, agencies, and food services. I take a practical, business-oriented approach to transactions, helping clients efficiently navigate complex deals from initial structuring and negotiation through execution and closing. My combined legal, litigation, financial, and business experience allows me to deliver strategic, efficient, and practical solutions tailored to my clients’ objectives, whether in deal negotiations, contract structuring, dispute resolution, or complex business transactions
"Donya was an amazing partner and was very patient and diligent in dealing with the APA and OA. I highly recommend her as she knows her stuff, is confident, and always has your back."
Morgan S.
Corporate Attorney that represents startups, businesses, investors, VC/PE doing business throughout the country. Representing in a range of matters from formation to regulatory compliance to financings to exit. Have a practice that represents both domestic and foreign startups, businesses, and entrepreneurs. Along with VC, Private Equity, and investors.
"Morgan was very detailed in his response and explanations. He showed me red flags, potential solutions, and where problems may occur. He explained some high risk clauses that did not make sense and I should not accept. Overall, Morgan saved me from bad business deal when I flagged his concerns to the counterparty. Thanks Morgan!"
Justin A.
I am a lawyer who helps small businesses, nonprofits, and startups with a wide variety of agreements, corporate formation, and corporate governance. I earned my BA from Tulane University and my JD from the University of Chicago Law School. Before starting my own practice, I worked at an international law firm in New York City. Outside of work, I am on the board of the nonprofit Seattle REconomy (which runs the NE Seattle and Shoreline tool libraries) and I enjoy gardening, baking bread, and outdoor activities with my spouse and two dogs.
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Adam L.
12 Year PQE Lawyer with wide experience in sports, media and tech.
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"Michael was great! I'm glad I was able to seek his legal advice before committing to a large investment."
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California
Can an Offering Memorandum be used for fundraising in a startup?
I am a co-founder of a startup and we are planning to raise funds from accredited investors. We have heard about Offering Memorandums being used for fundraising, but we are unsure if this is applicable to our situation. We want to know if it is legally permissible to use an Offering Memorandum for fundraising in a startup, and if so, what are the key requirements and considerations we should be aware of.
Christopher N.
Your question does not have a quick or answer, and is highly dependent the very specific facts of your company, your industry, and potential investors, but, the short answer is: yes. The offering memorandum is just that: a (non-binding) offer to sell securities in your company. There are other documents that will have to be prepared if an investor agrees to fund you. Those documents and the underlying "advertising" for the sale of those securities are, as you likely know, very strictly regulated by the SEC and California (under the Blue Sky rules). Run afoul of them to your detriment and you may need very expensive attorneys. We highly recommend you consult with experienced securities attorneys who can help you craft the offering memo, subscription agreements, etc. to address the issues specific to your company and potential investors. Perhaps not the full answer you are looking for, but hopefully a wise note of caution.
Securities
Offering Memorandum
New York
Can a company be exempt from filing SEC reports if it meets certain criteria?
I am currently researching the requirements for SEC reporting and I came across the concept of exemptions. I understand that certain companies, such as small businesses, may be exempt from filing SEC reports if they meet certain criteria. However, I am unsure about the specifics of these exemptions and the criteria that need to be met. I would like to know if a company can be exempt from filing SEC reports and what these criteria might be.
Danny J.
So to answer your question, yes, certain companies can be exempt from filing SEC reports if they meet specific criteria. This area of securities law is nuanced and can significantly impact a company's regulatory obligations and costs. Let me outline some key points for you: 1. **Small Reporting Company (SRC) Status:** - Companies with public float less than $250 million or annual revenues less than $100 million may qualify for scaled disclosure requirements. 2. **Emerging Growth Company (EGC) Status:** - Available for companies with less than $1.07 billion in annual gross revenues. - Provides certain disclosure and regulatory relief for up to five years after IPO. 3. **Private Company Exemptions:** - Companies with fewer than 2,000 shareholders of record (or 500 non-accredited investors) may be exempt from registration. 4. **Foreign Private Issuer Exemptions:** - Non-U.S. companies may have different reporting requirements. 5. **Rule 12h-3 Suspension:** - Allows suspension of reporting under certain conditions, like having fewer than 300 shareholders of record. While these exemptions can provide relief from full SEC reporting requirements, determining eligibility and maintaining compliance can be complex. Factors such as company size, structure, shareholder composition, and future growth plans all play crucial roles in this determination. It's important to note that even if exempt from full reporting, companies may still have obligations under state securities laws or to their shareholders. Additionally, the benefits of exemption should be weighed against potential drawbacks, such as reduced access to capital markets or decreased investor confidence. Given the complexities and potential consequences of misapplying these exemptions, it would be prudent to conduct a thorough analysis of your specific situation. Would you like to discuss your company's particulars to determine which exemptions, if any, might apply and how to strategically approach your SEC reporting obligations?
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