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What Is a Deed of Trust?
A deed of trust, also called a trust deed, is a legal agreement made at a property's closing. It is a type of secured real estate transaction used in some states in place of a mortgage. The individual purchasing a property and a lender make this agreement, which states that the property buyer will repay a loan. A third party, known as a trustee, holds the property's legal title until the loan gets paid in full.
A deed of trust is the security for a loan and gets recorded in public records. Some states will require a borrower to sign a deed of trust to take out a home loan, much like other states require signing a mortgage. Fundamental differences exist between deeds of trust and mortgages, however. For example, a deed of trust requires more people to be involved in the property sale than a mortgage would. Only a mortgage gets executed through the judicial system.
What Must a Deed of Trust Include?
To be considered a legally binding document, any deed of trust needs to cover several critical details. Required information includes the following:
- Original loan amount
- Description of the property used as collateral or security ( here is an article about using collateral for a loan)
- Names of all parties involved (such as trustor, beneficiary, and trustee)
- The inception date of the loan
- The maturity date of the loan
- Any fees, such as late fees
- Provision and requirements of the mortgage
- Legal procedures in case of default, such as a power of sale clause ( here is an article about power of sale)
- Acceleration and alienation clauses to explain when the homeowner is considered delinquent or what happens when the individual sells the property
- Any riders with clauses such as terms of an adjustable-rate mortgage or prepayment penalties
Who Is Involved With a Deed of Trust?
Three parties must be involved with any deed of trust:
- Trustor: This party is the borrower. A trustor is sometimes called an obligor.
- Trustee: As a third party to a deed of trust, the trustee holds the property's legal title.
- Beneficiary: This party is the lender.
A trustee represents neither the borrower nor the lender. Instead, the trustee is an entity that holds the power of sale in case a borrower defaults. The trustee is typically a title or escrow company.
How Does a Deed of Trust Work?
A borrower gives a lender one or more promissory notes in exchange for the deed of trust. Promissory notes are documents that the borrower signs which state the borrower's promise to pay back a debt. The promissory note will contain information such as the interest rate along with other obligations of the agreement.
After the borrower pays the deed in full, the trustee will reconvey the property to its buyer. A promissory note is marked as paid in full once the buyer pays the loan entirely, and the property buyer receives the deed.
A trustee may file a notice of default if the borrower does not pay following the terms of the promissory note. A trustee may also substitute a different trustee for handling foreclosure.
Deed of Trust Versus Mortgage
A deed of trust and a mortgage serve a similar purpose, but some key distinctions exist between the two types of legal documents.
Differences Between Deeds of Trusts and Mortgages
Significant differences between the two documents include the following:
- Foreclosure type: The foreclosure type a property owner faces will depend on whether the property owner has a deed of trust or mortgage. Someone who has a deed of trust typically faces a nonjudicial foreclosure, while a lender will need to go through the courts if a mortgage comes into play.
- Expense and length of foreclosure process: Since a lender will have to seek judicial foreclosure to take back a property using a mortgage loan, a mortgage generally takes more money and time for foreclosure proceedings. As a result, mortgage lenders tend to use deeds of trust in states that allow them. A lender will almost always spend less time and incur lower costs reclaiming a property when using a deed of trust instead of a mortgage.
- Parties involved: Only two parties, a borrower and a lender, are engaged in a mortgage contract. A deed of trust has a trustee, the neutral third party, involved in addition to the borrower and lender.
Similarities Between Deeds of Trusts and Mortgages
The two agreements also have a few significant similarities, including:
- Both agreements are distinct from loans: Neither a deed of trust nor a mortgage is a home loan. The loan states that a property owner will pay back a set amount of money to a lender, while both a deed of trust and a mortgage place a lien on a property.
- Both agreements allow for foreclosure: Both a deed of trust and mortgage give a lender a method of taking back a property via foreclosure. These agreements essentially state that if the borrower does not follow the loan terms, the lender can put the property into foreclosure.
- State law dictates both types of agreements: Both mortgages and foreclosure deeds are subject to state laws. The specific type of contract a lender must use will depend on what is legal in a particular state.
Image via Unsplash by tierramallorca
Deed of Trust Versus Promissory Note
A deed of trust often requires a promissory note, but the promissory note is a specific document type. While a deed of trust describes the terms of debt as secured by a property, a promissory note acts as a promise that the borrower will pay the debt.
A borrower signs the promissory note in favor of a lender. The promissory note includes the loan's terms, such as payment obligations and the loan's interest rate. However, although the promissory note is usually a separate document, both a deed of trust and a mortgage can be legally considered a type of promissory note.
During the term of a loan, a lender keeps the promissory note, and the borrower only has a copy of the note. Once the borrower pays off the loan, the promissory note is marked as "paid in full." Then, the borrower receives the note with a recorded reconveyance deed.
Can You Use a Deed of Trust Anywhere?
State law governs the use of both deeds of trust and mortgages. Some states only legally allow mortgages, while other states only allow lenders to use deeds of trust. A few states will allow either type of contract. In these states, the lender gets to choose the type of agreement a borrower receives. Some states use neither mortgages nor deeds of trust but instead use other contracts such as security deeds for loan transactions to give lenders a security interest in the property.
Since state laws vary regarding the type of document you can use, it's always essential to consult with an experienced lawyer to discuss legal options and your state's requirements. A lawyer can also help ensure that you create and use a legally binding document that protects you in your specific situation regarding real estate transactions for residential or commercial property.
Meet some of our Deed of Trust Lawyers
Anatalia S.
High quality work product at affordable prices.
Jeffrey K.
I've been a Real Estate attorney for over 25 years. I handle real estate transactions, commercial collections, foreclosures, replevins, landlord tenant issues and small business matter.
Karl D. S.
Karl D. Shehu, has a multidisciplinary practice encompassing small business law, estate and legacy planning, real estate law, and litigation. Attorney Shehu has assisted families, physicians, professionals, and people of faith provide for their loved ones by crafting individualized estate and legacy plans. Protecting families and safeguarding families is his passion. Attorney Shehu routinely represents lenders, buyers, sellers, and businesses in real estate transactions, researching and resolving title defects, escrowing funds, and drafting lending documents. To date, Attorney Shehu has closed a real estate deal in every town in Connecticut. As a litigator, Attorney Shehu has proven willing to engage in contentious court battles to obtain results for his clients. While practicing at DLA Piper, LLP, in Boston, Attorney Shehu represented the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies in multidistrict litigations filed throughout the United States. He has been a passionate advocate for immigrants and the seriously injured, frequently advising against lowball settlement offers. He is willing to try every case to verdict, and he meticulously prepares every case for trial. Attorney Shehu began his legal career as a consumer lawyer, utilizing fee-shifting statutes to force unscrupulous businesses to pay the legal fees of aggrieved consumers. For example, in Access Therapies v. Mendoza, 1:13-cv-01317 (S.D. Ind. 2014), Attorney Shehu utilized unique interpretations of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, Truth-in-Lending Act, and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) to obtain a favorable result for his immigrant client. Attorney Shehu is a Waterbury, Connecticut native. He attended Our Lady of Mount Carmel grammar school, The Loomis Chaffee School, and Chase Collegiate School before earning degrees from Boston College, the University of Oxford’s Said Business School in England, and Pepperdine University School of Law. At Oxford, Karl was voted president of his class. Outside of his law practice, Attorney Shehu has worked to improve the world around him by participating in numerous charitable endeavors. He is a former candidate for the Connecticut Senate and a parishioner of St. Patrick Parish and Oratory in Waterbury. In addition, Attorney Shehu has written extensively on the Twenty-fifth Amendment and law firm retention by multinational firms.
Daliah S.
Daliah Saper operates a cutting-edge internet and social media law practice that regularly leads local and national media outlets to solicit her commentary on emerging internet law issues involving cyberbullying, sexting, catfishing, revenge porn, anonymous online defamation, domain name and user-name squatting, privacy, and the latest business decisions made by social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. As a litigator Daliah represents companies bringing or defending business and intellectual property disputes. (She has argued cases in a number of jurisdictions including taking a case all the way to the Illinois Supreme Court.) As a transactional lawyer she helps clients choose the right business entity, drafts contracts and licensing agreements, advises on sweepstakes and contest rules, and ensures website terms of use and privacy policies are compliant, and provides comprehensive trademark and copyright counseling. Since founding Saper Law Offices in 2005, Daliah has been named a 40 Under 40 by Law Bulletin Publishing Co., a top Media & Advertising attorney by Super Lawyers Magazine 14 years in a row, and has been repeatedly recognized as a leading media and entertainment lawyer by Chambers and Partners. For the past eleven years, she also has taught entertainment and social media law at Loyola University Chicago School of Law.
Alen A.
Alen Aydinian is a seasoned real estate attorney with a wealth of experience in handling transactional matters, real estate transactions, and lease agreements. As a licensed real estate broker, Alen Aydinian brings a unique perspective to the table, allowing clients to benefit from both legal expertise and practical industry knowledge. He is a trusted advisor in the realm of real estate transactions and lease agreements. Whether representing buyers, sellers, landlords, or tenants, Alen Aydinian is committed to providing strategic counsel and dedicated advocacy every step of the way. Clients rely on him for sound legal guidance, proactive problem-solving, and unwavering support throughout the transaction process.
August 26, 2021
Alex M.
Mr. Mehdipour attended the University of California San Diego where he received his degree in political science. After graduating from UCSD, Mr. Mehdipour attended Southwestern University School of Law where he received his JD. Upon passing the bar, Mr. Mehdipour gained invaluable experience both in a law firm and business setting. Mr. Mehdipour uses his prior business and legal experiences to negotiate the most advantageous results for his clients.
August 28, 2021
Nicholas A.
I help small business owners build and protect their dreams. I always thought that I would just be a litigator. Then I joined an intellectual property clinic in law school. We were helping nonprofits and small businesses reach their goals. I fell in love with the work and decided to open my own firm so I could keep helping them. When I decided to start Victrix Legal, I decided that it would be a modern law firm designed to serve professionals. It would be different from every other law firm. In my experience, my law firms are designed to promote inefficiency and reactionary lawyering. Because in most firms, you make more money when you spend more time on a project. And you lose money if your client doesn't get sued. In my opinion, that's a built-in conflict of interest. My firm is different. I use flat fees for most basic projects to keep costs predictable for you and incentivize efficiency. I offer long-term advisory plans and legal audits to prevent issues from happening. I want my clients to see me as their business partner, not just the guy they call when they are in trouble. If any of that interests you, please reach out to me. I offer free consultations. Let's set aside some time and talk about what your legal needs are.
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Deed of Trust
North Carolina
I am looking for a Warranty Deed for the sale of property in St. Croix, USVI. All forms I locate are specific to one of the US 50 states.
State listed below as my state is not relevant ... I need a Warranty Deed form or written up for USVI property.
Jane C.
You will need to consult with a real estate attorney in USVI.
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Turnaround: Less than a week
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