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What is an Earnest Money Contract?
An earnest money contract is a legally binding document between parties made during the exchange of the earnest money. Earnest money is a monetary deposit made in good faith on a home loan or real property to the seller from the buyer during a home sale. Generally, the earnest money can be anywhere between 1-10% of the sale price. The earnest money contract sets the conditions for refunding the deposited amount.
Here is an article on earnest payments .
How Earnest Money Contracts Work
Earnest money protects the seller if the buyer backs out of a sale. An earnest money contract protects both parties by setting terms and conditions of the earnest money refund. It also provides remedies for both parties in case of a breach of contract or dispute.
Generally earnest money contracts contain crucial information pertaining to the sale and the exchange of the earnest money–such as contingencies, timeline of exchange, refund process, escrow agent, etc.
Here are some examples of how earnest money works .
Key Terms in an Earnest Money Contract
Earnest money contracts set the terms and conditions of refunding the deposited earnest money and provides remedies in case of breach of the contract. Here are some of the key terms you are likely to encounter in an earnest money contract:
- Buyer and seller details: An earnest money contract will contain the information about the buyer and the seller to establish the parties that are entering the agreement.
- Escrow agent information: The earnest money is generally held by an escrow agent agreed to by the parties involved in an escrow account . The escrow agent can be the seller’s attorney, the real estate agent or an agent of the title company or a third party. In case of a breach, the escrow agent may return the amount to the seller and in case of a dispute the escrow agent might hold the earnest money till the dispute has been resolved.
- Amount of deposit: There is no rule about how much earnest money has to be. Generally, this ranges from 1-10% of the sale price. The earnest deposit contract will note the amount of the deposit being held.
- Property details: The earnest money contract will also contain information about the property being sold. It will also note the purchase price, representations and warranties, financing, mortgage note , title insurance , closing costs , lead-based paint disclosure and other relevant details of the sale.
Contingencies :
Contingencies are an important part of earnest money contracts. These contingencies provide buyer protection by ensuring refund of the earnest money in case of certain special events. Here are some common contingencies used in earnest money contracts:
- Mortgage contingency clause : A mortgage contingency clause can be used when the buyer is purchasing real estate through a mortgage. This clause would ensure that if the buyer is unable to secure mortgage and complete the sale, the earnest money deposit will still be returned to the buyer.
- Inspection clause : An inspection clause allows the buyer to have certain amount of time to conduct home inspection for any issues. If the home fails this inspection and the buyer backs out of the sale, the earnest money can still be returned to the buyer if the inspection clause has been added to the earnest money contract.
- Appraisal contingency: An appraisal contingency allows earnest money refund in case that the appraisal , or appraised value, of the real estate is lower than the sale price.
- A contingency for selling an existing home : A contingency for selling an existing home makes the sale contract contingent on the sale of a current home. If the current home doesn’t sell and the sale doesn’t go through, this type of contingency still allows for earned money refund.
If you would like to learn more about contingencies in an earnest money contract, here is an article .
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Can I Get My Earnest Money Back?
Earnest money contracts have contingencies that protect both the seller and the buyer. In case a sale goes through, earnest money is generally refundable. Contingencies set out more terms under which even if the sale doesn’t go through, the earnest money is refundable.
However, if the buyer backs out or the sale is incomplete due to reasons not set under contingencies in the contract, the seller can forfeit the earnest money.
Here are some ways you can protect your earnest money.
What Happens to Earnest Money at Closing?
If the appraisal is completed and both the buyer and the seller is happy with the price and the inspection is completed without trouble, the buyer and seller move to closing. At closing, the buyer pays the seller and receives the rights to the property. At this time, the escrow agent will pay the buyer the earnest money which was being held in escrow. Sometimes, depending on how the earnest money was paid, it will be applied towards closing costs or down payment.
In cases where the buyer secures a loan with no down payment, the earnest money will just be applied to closing costs. The surplus will be paid back to the buyer. In cases where the earnest money deposit is not paid in cash and instead using other assets such as a watch, car, boat, real estate, etc., it might be returned to the buyer or liquidated and then applied to closing costs and down payment.
Here is an article on escrow money at closing .
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Meet some of our Earnest Money Contract Lawyers
Kelvin R.
Experienced business and contract lawyer. Our firm specializes in commercial litigation and dispute resolution.
Ryenne S.
My name is Ryenne Shaw and I help business owners build businesses that operate as assets instead of liabilities, increase in value over time and build wealth. My areas of expertise include corporate formation and business structure, contract law, employment/labor law, business risk and compliance and intellectual property. I also serve as outside general counsel to several businesses across various industries nationally. I spent most of my early legal career assisting C.E.O.s, General Counsel, and in-house legal counsel of both large and smaller corporations in minimizing liability, protecting business assets and maximizing profits. While working with many of these entities, I realized that smaller entities are often underserved. I saw that smaller business owners weren’t receiving the same level of legal support larger corporations relied upon to grow and sustain. I knew this was a major contributor to the ceiling that most small businesses hit before they’ve even scratched the surface of their potential. And I knew at that moment that all of this lack of knowledge and support was creating a huge wealth gap. After over ten years of legal experience, I started my law firm to provide the legal support small to mid-sized business owners and entrepreneurs need to grow and protect their brands, businesses, and assets. I have a passion for helping small to mid-sized businesses and startups grow into wealth-building assets by leveraging the same legal strategies large corporations have used for years to create real wealth. I enjoy connecting with my clients, learning about their visions and identifying ways to protect and maximize the reach, value and impact of their businesses. I am a strong legal writer with extensive litigation experience, including both federal and state (and administratively), which brings another element to every contract I prepare and the overall counsel and value I provide. Some of my recent projects include: - Negotiating & Drafting Commercial Lease Agreements - Drafting Trademark Licensing Agreements - Drafting Ambassador and Influencer Agreements - Drafting Collaboration Agreements - Drafting Service Agreements for service-providers, coaches and consultants - Drafting Master Service Agreements and SOWs - Drafting Terms of Service and Privacy Policies - Preparing policies and procedures for businesses in highly regulated industries - Drafting Employee Handbooks, Standard Operations and Procedures (SOPs) manuals, employment agreements - Creating Employer-employee infrastructure to ensure business compliance with employment and labor laws - Drafting Independent Contractor Agreements and Non-Disclosure/Non-Competition/Non-Solicitation Agreements - Conducting Federal Trademark Searches and filing trademark applications - Preparing Trademark Opinion Letters after conducting appropriate legal research - Drafting Letters of Opinion for Small Business Loans - Drafting and Responding to Cease and Desist Letters I service clients throughout the United States across a broad range of industries.
Michael M.
www.linkedin/in/michaelbmiller I am an experienced contracts professional having practiced nearly 3 decades in the areas of corporate, mergers and acquisitions, technology, start-up, intellectual property, real estate, employment law as well as informal dispute resolution. I enjoy providing a cost effective, high quality, timely solution with patience and empathy regarding client needs. I graduated from NYU Law School and attended Rutgers College and the London School of Economics as an undergraduate. I have worked at top Wall Street firms, top regional firms and have long term experience in my own practice. I would welcome the opportunity to be of service to you as a trusted fiduciary. In 2022 I was the top ranked attorney on the Contract Counsel site based upon number of clients, quality of work and top reviews.
Rachel C.
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Myrna L.
I have been a Contract Manager for the State of California for 13 years, negotiating and developing contracts and grants funded by federal and state government. As an owner of a real estate/property management company and real estate asset manager for corporations, non profit organizations and government entities, I negotiated sales and managements of industrial, commercial, and residential properties including development of contracts, leases, subleases, options, and sales agreements. As an attorney, I have worked on labor/employment cases, family law, and probate cases.
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Michael R.
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Dennis W.
2008 - Present: Sole Practitioner – Dennis W. Winkler, P.C. Practice primarily in finance and business transactions, as well as commercial real estate transactions. Represent developers, investors, lenders, and businesses, in such matters as: corporate entity selection, drafting and negotiating complex asset purchase agreements, corporate mergers and sales, stock purchase agreements, and various other business contracts for closely related businesses. Involved in a variety of real estate developments, multi-family apartment buildings, construction and acquisition financing, commercial leasing, sophisticated workout transactions, joint ventures, and tax-deferred exchanges. Advise on tax and other savings incentives available to business owners and real estate owners in Illinois. Advise companies involved in related real estate activities such as sales, leasing, property management, brokerage, and construction. Tax experience that includes the representation of taxpayers in State and Federal controversies including: sales/excess tax disputes and responsible parties’ tax assessment protest. Additionally, Dennis has experience in the protest of real estate taxes of commercial and multi-family real estate. As a legal and business advisor, Dennis is committed to helping clients find, develop, and close deals that further their business objectives. Dennis regularly advises entrepreneurs and closely held businesses on matters incidental to their day-to-day business operations as well as their capital raising and start-up needs, corporate structure, private equity raises, and operating agreements. Much like general counsel, Dennis’s breadth of experience allows him to not only provide strategic planning and routine business transactional support to companies, but he also regularly advises on a number of unique issues facing companies by spotting issues and engaging specialists when needed, such as intellectual property, environmental, and bankruptcy counsel. As such, Dennis has been actively involved in sales and acquisitions of manufacturing companies, trucking companies, and logistics companies.
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