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A purchase agreement, also known as a real estate purchase agreement and purchase and sales agreement, is a legal instrument between two or more parties for the purchase and transfer of an asset, which is typically a residential, commercial, or industrial property. The general rule of thumb on these documents is that you use a purchase agreement when the transaction exceeds $500. However, a purchase agreement may also be necessary for transactions that do not exceed $500, depending on the jurisdiction and the type of transaction.
What Is A Purchase Agreement?
A purchase agreement formalizes the details of an asset purchase. A purchase agreement establishes the terms and conditions of the transaction, including price, limitations, legal disputes, and contract governance. They can be signed digitally or using ink and entered into by all parties’ free will in the transaction.
When Is A Purchase Agreement Needed?
There are several types of purchase agreements. They can be used for the purchase and sale of almost any kind of asset. However, they are most commonly used for large transactions that exceed the normal scope of business.
For example, a business may sell computers to consumers that cost $1,000. A receipt is typically issued for this transaction since the implications of the sale, price, and limitations are different from that of a large asset or real estate purchase.
A buyer or seller may use a purchase agreement to facilitate the following types of transactions:
- Sale or purchase of real estate
- Large volume purchases
- Used equipment purchases
- Mutual preference sales
- Motor vehicle purchases
- And more
In general, it is wise to hire transactional lawyers to help you draft the first iteration of the purchase agreements, which can also make modifications during the negotiation process. This strategy prevents legal mistakes from being made while remaining compliant with the governing local, state, and federal laws.
See Purchase Agreement Pricing by State
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
What Happens After Signing A Purchase Agreement?
After signing a purchase agreement, you then finalize the sale. How you structure the closing ultimately depends upon the terms and conditions set forth in the agreement. Ensure that you read your requirements carefully to execute the deal as anticipated fully.
Here is what generally happens after the signing of a purchase agreement:
- Fund escrow with an escrow company to handle the paperwork if necessary
- Confirm the funding with the company or listing agent for real estate transactions
- Hire third-party experts, such as licensed inspectors, to evaluate the condition of the asset or property before escrow release
- File a report with both the buyer, seller, and other relevant third-parties to confirm the condition of the asset or property
- Sign the escrow, loan, promissory, and deed to close on the asset
- Buyer releases escrow to the seller, which signifies the end of this part of the transaction
It is not uncommon for several US states to allow for a grace period to rescind a loan required for the purchase. This grace period may affect escrow release since the escrow company may wait until it passes. Thereafter, the transaction is completely closed.
What Is The Difference Between A Real Estate Sales Agreement And Purchase Agreement?
While a purchase agreement can be used for any large transaction, a real estate sales agreement is used to sell and transfer residential, commercial, or industrial property.
Different names for a real estate sales agreement may include:
- Purchase agreement for house
- Real estate purchase contract
- For sale by owner purchase agreement
The difference between a real estate sales agreement and a purchase agreement may also consider the role of the person offering it. The seller uses a real estate sales agreement, while the buyer uses a real estate purchase agreement to present an offer.
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Parts Of A Purchase Agreement
While the asset being sold under a purchase agreement may vary from transaction-to-transaction, the sections are generally the same. Essentially, there are specific elements that you must include for it to be lawful and enforceable according to the governing jurisdiction. Ensure that you contain the following features in your purchase agreement at a minimum, although additional terms may be necessary depending on the jurisdiction and the specifics of the agreement.
Article 1: Recitals
You must include the names, business names, and addresses of the parties involved, the date that the agreement goes into effect, and a general acknowledgment and agreement to the terms contained therein. If the agreement is for a real estate transaction, be sure to address tenancy if applicable.
Article 2: Sale Inclusions and Exclusions
List the specific assets that you are transferring and details that describe them as such. If you are buying or selling property, list all sales inclusions and exclusions in the transaction, as well as inspection requirements, appraisals, financing, and titling.
Article 3: Disclosures
The seller must disclose information about the asset or property that could impact the value or sale. Examples of disclosures should include lead hazards, well locations, asbestos hazards, and other pertinent facts.
Article 4: Pricing Terms and Conditions
Next, you will want to address how much the asset or property will cost as well as the terms and conditions surrounding the price. You can also include how the structure of the deal will be made, including cash payments, loan options, closing costs, and more. You should also have the dates of each transaction as well.
Article 5: Possession Terms and Conditions
This section describes how and when the transfer and possession of the asset or property will go. For example, describe when the keys of the property will be delivered for real estate transactions.
Article 6: Default Clause
Buyers and sellers must offer each other the opportunity to cancel the purchase agreement when a provision goes unsatisfied. For example, not paying for the transaction according to the terms could result in the contract entering into default. The default clause should address what steps or actions should be taken if a default occurs.
Article 7: Dated Signatures from All Parties
For a purchase agreement to be valid, it must be executed or signed by all parties. Create a separate date and signature line for each signing individual since it is possible that the signing could occur on different dates.
How To Write A Purchase Agreement
While there are numerous purchase agreements available for reuse online, there are problems with this method. First, they were created for another business or person, and the particulars may not entirely meet your situation’s needs. Start by making a list of the essential parts of the transaction to account for the agreement.
Then you will want to hire property lawyers to draft the first iteration of the purchase agreement. You can then use the document as a jumping-off point when it comes to the negotiation of the transaction’s finalization. As the deal becomes more evident, you can return to your attorney, who can provide legal advice and make modifications to the first draft of the agreement.
Preparing A Purchase Agreement
Since purchase agreements affect your legal rights, you should discuss the drafting and execution of the deal with transactional lawyers licensed to practice in your state. You should also consider working with a legal professional that has experience in the specific area of practice for the type of contract you are drafting. For example, transactions involving real estate should be prepared by real estate lawyers, especially if the transaction is complex.
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Meet some of our Purchase Agreement Lawyers
Jeff C.
Experienced and broad based corporate/business attorney and Outside General Counsel (OGC), for start-ups, small businesses and growing companies of all sizes, advising and assisting clients with corporate and LLC formation, contracts and agreements, internet and terms of use/service agreements, trademarks and intellectual property protection, the purchase and sale of businesses (M&A), labor and employment matters, compliance and risk management, corporate governance, and commercial leasing matters. See other reviews on my website at www.ogcservices.net/reviews
Paul S.
I focus my practice on startups and small to mid-size businesses, because they have unique needs that mid-size and large law firms aren't well-equipped to service. In addition to practicing law, I have started and run other businesses, and have an MBA in marketing from Indiana University. I combine my business experience with my legal expertise, to provide practical advice to my clients. I am licensed in Ohio and California, and I leverage the latest in technology to provide top quality legal services to a nationwide client-base. This enables me to serve my clients in a cost-effective manner that doesn't skimp on personal service.
Faryal A.
Ms. Ayub is an attorney licensed to practice in Texas. Before moving to the US, she has a number of years of experience in contract review, analysis and drafting. Ms. Ayub is available to help you with your legal problems, as well as filling LLC and other business entity formation documents. To know more about her practice, please visit https://ayublawfirmpllc.com/.
O.T. W.
Hi, my name is O.T. and I own The Walker Collective, a law firm that caters to the contractual, intellectual property, and business formation needs of creative entrepreneurs and small business owners. I am licensed to practice in Maryland and New York.
Jason H.
Jason has been providing legal insight and business expertise since 2001. He is admitted to both the Virginia Bar and the Texas State Bar, and also proud of his membership to the Fellowship of Ministers and Churches. Having served many people, companies and organizations with legal and business needs, his peers and clients know him to be a high-performing and skilled attorney who genuinely cares about his clients. In addition to being a trusted legal advisor, he is a keen business advisor for executive leadership and senior leadership teams on corporate legal and regulatory matters. His personal mission is to take a genuine interest in his clients, and serve as a primary resource to them.
February 24, 2023
Candace M.
For over 20 years, as an attorney and real estate broker, Candace has used her passion for business and real estate to help her clients succeed as business owners, entrepreneurs Realtors, and real estate investors. She and her team go above and beyond to simplify and solve those issues which trouble her clients. From the simple to the complex, she is ready to help. Her experience includes, Real Estate law, Contracts, Business Formation, Business Operating AGreements and Entrepreneurial counseling.
February 25, 2023
Alan A.
I have dedicated my professional career and practice to Federal Government Procurement Law. My practice includes experience as an Army JAG who specialized in Government Procurement Law who represented contracting commands and requiring activities both deployed and in the United States and now as a civilian attorney who represents clients in all aspects of Federal Government Procurement Law. My clients are people and firms that are developing technology through the SBIR/STTR programs, OT's, and businesses using Small Business Administration (SBA) contracting programs.
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Browse Lawyers NowBusiness Contracts
Purchase Agreement
Washington
Are purchase agreement renewals common?
I am in the process of purchasing a business and have been presented with a purchase agreement by the seller. The agreement includes a clause that seems to imply that the agreement can be renewed. I am curious to know if this is a common practice, and if so, what are the implications for me as the buyer?
Merry A.
I'm not 100% sure what you are asking, but in negotiatons of purchases of businesses, business real estate, and personal real estate, it's not unusual to sign amendments extending the date by which an agreement must be made, or by which closing will occur. There can be many, many reasons for this, but generally, at least in my experience, both parties must agree in writing to any extensions of any sort of dates or deadlines. Here are two very common reasons a purchase and sale agreement may need to be extended: (1) Obtaining financing or (2) Obtaining an inspection I hope that helps! Best wishes, Merry
Real Property
Purchase Agreement
California
What happens if a purchase agreement expires?
I recently entered into a purchase agreement for a property with a seller. The agreement had a specific timeline for when the purchase needs to be completed, but that timeline is quickly approaching and the purchase has not yet been completed. I am unsure of what happens if the purchase agreement expires and I would like to get more information from a lawyer on the potential implications of the agreement expiring.
Sarah S.
As long as you have an accepted offer the contract is valid and enforceable, regardless of the purchase agreement date; However, if there is a termination clause in the agreement or any language that might trigger termination after expiration, then the contract might be invalid. You need a lawyer to thoroughly review the contract.
Real Estate
Purchase Agreement
New York
Are there cancellation fees in purchase agreements?
I am currently in the process of purchasing a home and I have been presented with a purchase agreement. I was wondering if there are any cancellation fees included in the agreement, as I would like to make sure that I am aware of all the terms and potential costs associated with this purchase. I want to make sure that I am fully informed before I make a final decision.
Damien B.
Hello! I understand you are entering into a Purchase Agreement and want to know whether there are any cancellation fees. First, you would read the agreement to see if there is any mention of termination/cancellation fees such as the loss of the down payment if the buyer attempt to terminate the contract. But, generally, the agreement is binding contract. So, if a buyer attempts to cancel the contract, it could be considered a breach of contract. In that situation, the seller can claim damages, which usually results in a loss of the down payment but also could lead to other monetary claims or a claim to attempt to force the buyer to fulfill the purchase (general called a specific performance claim). Separately, in most cases, if the buyer's ability to purchase the property is dependent on getting a secured loan, usually there would be no cancellation or damage claim and the buyer would have the right to the return of the downpayment (this should be outlined in the contract and is usually referred to as a contingency clause). I hope that helps.
Real Estate
Purchase Agreement
New York
Who has the lawyer draft the purchase agreement for a for sale by owner?
I am selling my home and am being asked to provide an agreement.
Jane C.
Typically, the seller has a lawyer draft the purchase agreement. Disclaimer - This information is provided for general informational purposes only. No information contained in this post should be construed as legal advice and does not establish an attorney-client relationship.
Business Contracts
Purchase Agreement
Washington
What are risks without a purchase agreement?
I am considering purchasing a business and have been asked to sign a purchase agreement. However, I am unsure if this is necessary and would like to understand the potential risks of not having a purchase agreement in place. I want to ensure that I am making a well-informed decision and have the necessary protections in place.
Merry A.
Purchasing a business without a binding agreement would be extremely risky (and, I'm sorry to be blunt, but extremely foolish). For example, without an agreement in which the seller is responsible for debts incurred prior to the sale, creditors could come after you.
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