California Noncompete Agreement: What's Included and Enforceability

Quick Facts — Noncompete Agreement Lawyers (California)

Is a Non-Compete Agreement Enforceable in California?

No. California is one of the three states in the United States that prohibits the enforcement of non-compete agreements. California statutes explicitly state that any contract that restrains a anyone from engaging in a lawful profession, trade, or business is void.

The purpose of a non-compete agreement is to prevent a worker from engaging in a similar business after leaving a company. Non-compete agreements are meant to protect an employer’s business interest, but these restrictive contracts can often place an unfair burden on employees who are looking for work. For this reason, many states place restrictions on these contracts, or like California, ban them all together.

Can My Employer Stop Me from Going to Work for a Competitor in California

No. An employer cannot stop an employee for going to work for a competitor in California. California statutes protect employees by prohibiting any kind of contract that would restrict an employee from working in their chosen industry.

It should be noted however, that even though California prohibits non-compete agreements, confidentiality agreements are enforceable. This means that if an employee signs an enforceable confidentiality agreement, then leaves the company to work for a competitor, they will still be bound by the confidentiality agreement.

Confidentiality agreements often protect a company’s trade secrets, customer lists, documents, and proprietary information. The employee will be prohibited from sharing any of this information at their new job.

Can a Non-Compete Agreement be Used for the Sale of a Business in California?

There are only two circumstances in which a non-compete agreement may be used in the state of California:

  1. Selling a business. When a business owner sells the goodwill of a business, a non-compete agreement can be used to prevent the seller from carrying on a similar business. State laws specify that the non-compete is for the goodwill of a business so the contract needs to use the term “goodwill” to be enforceable.
  2. Dissolution of a partnership. When partners dissolve a business, the parties can agree to sign a non-compete agreement that prohibit each other from opening a new, similar business in the same area.

To be enforceable in these two circumstances, the non-compete agreement must include a specified duration and a specified geographic location. The contract needs to be reasonable in scope and cannot be too broad.

Unlike other states, California does not permit blue penciling. Courts cannot edit contracts to make an unenforceable contract enforceable.

How Long Does a Non-Compete for the Sale of a Business Last in California?

The maximum term that courts have ruled reasonable for a non-compete agreement for the sale of a business in California is five years. Non-competes can be longer or shorter than five years, but if a court determines that the duration is in anyway unreasonable, the contract may be deemed invalid and unenforceable.

Why Does California Not Allow Non-Compete Agreements?

California dos not allow non-compete agreements because the state recognizes the importance of allowing workers to pursue a career that allows them to earn a living and provide for themselves. Non-compete agreements can be overly restrictive and impose an undue burden on employees who are seeking new employment.

When an employee works in a specific industry, they gain knowledge, skill, and experience in that industry. An employee could spend years learning their trade and non-compete could potentially limit their ability to find a job that fits their skillset.

Furthermore, non-compete agreements often discourage workers from seeking new opportunities that could provide better pay, flexibility, or working conditions. If an employee fears legal repercussions, they might believe that their only option is to continue to work for their current company.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Asked on Jun 4, 2023

Noncompete agreement and industry restrictions?

I recently signed a Noncompete Agreement with my current employer. I am looking to explore other opportunities in my industry and want to know what restrictions my noncompete agreement might have on me. I am interested in understanding the limitations of the agreement and if there are any potential implications of taking a job in the same industry.

Danielle G.

Answered Jul 11, 2023

In order to ascertain the limitations and implications, you would need to review the specific language of the agreement. If the non-compete is very broad, it's possible it would not be enforceable. In New York, for a non-compete agreement to be enforceable, it must be for a reasonable period of time and limited geographic scope. It also must protect the employer's legitimate interest. For example, the restrictions must protect confidential information or specialized skills you gained while on the job, or some other legitimate interest. If the agreement goes beyond those limitations, a court could find the non-complete to be unreasonable and unenforceable, in whole or in part. As to what restrictions your specific non-compete imposes (and the reasonableness of those restrictions), you would need to look at the specific language in the agreement. If you are unsure about the limitations, you should seek advice of counsel to help decipher the extent it would apply to your industry in general, and the likelihood it would be enforceable in court.

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Could someone go to jail if they are accused of fraud for never intending to not breaching his or her non compete non solicit contract?

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Answered Dec 16, 2023

No, this at worst is a civil matter and not a criminal matter. F

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I recently left my job after signing a Noncompete Agreement. I am looking for a new job, but I am concerned about the restrictions in the Noncompete Agreement and how it might affect my ability to find a new job. I am looking for advice on my options for terminating or modifying the Noncompete Agreement so that I can find a new job without having to worry about any potential legal repercussions.

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I am a WA State employment attorney. If you didn’t receive anything in return for signing the non-compete, it may be relatively easy to get out of it. If, however, you signed in return for something, such as a severance package, it will be challenging to get out of the agreement. However, many non-compete agreements are written overly broadly and may not be enforceable under the laws of WA and other states. You may want to consult with a WA State employment attorney for a review of the documents and law(s) of the state(s) where you may want to work or set up a business. (A WA State attorney can only provide legal advice in WA, but can help you find applicable law/case decisions for other states but without providing anything beyond information, much like a law librarian).

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Answered May 30, 2023

Hello. I appreciate your concerns about signing a Noncompete Agreement. It's essential to protect your rights and ensure the agreement is fair and reasonable given that a noncompete typically restricts competing activities during or after the term of engagement. Without knowing more about the business relationship and reviewing the actual terms, whether the non-compete is fair, reasonable, or even enforceable remains an open-ended question. Bearing this in mind, if the noncompete is preventing you from taking on other clients during or after the end of your relationship (or both), the scope of this restriction must be reasonable in terms of time, geographic area, and the specific activities it seeks to prevent. For example, does the noncompete specify the types of clients, industries, or geographic areas that are off-limits? What is the duration of the noncompete? If the client breaches your main agreement, will that render your noncompete void and unenforceable? These are just a few general questions that require a thorough review and analysis against Florida non-compete laws. Overall, the ultimate goal is to carefully review the terms to understand how they might impact your ability to take on new clients. If you don’t understand or are unsure about the contractual terms and their legal implications, it's highly recommended you consult with an attorney who can review the noncompete and provide you with personalized legal advice before you sign.

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Asked on Apr 15, 2021

Can I work for a competitor with my current noncompete?

I have ended my non competent consulting agreement with my current employee and I have an offer to work as an employer “not as consultant” with a competitor company to my privious employees so can I work as an employee without any problem? The consultant agreement says the following: Under any circumstances the consultant shall not engage directly or indirectly either as a principal agent , consultant,stock holder , partner or in any other capacity whatsoever have any other relationship with any business which compete with the company in USA.

Jane C.

Answered Apr 16, 2021

I suggest that you have an attorney review the entire agreement. It is hard to comment reading a paragraph taken out of context. From the limited facts you present, it seems that you cannot accept this job offer without violating the terms of the non-compete. Disclaimer - This information is provided for general informational purposes only. No information contained in this post should be construed as legal advice and does not establish an attorney-client relationship.

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