New York Noncompete Agreement: What's Included and Enforceability
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Is a Non-Compete Agreement Enforceable in New York?
Yes. New York allows employers to enforce non-compete agreements against employees to protect their legitimate business interests. To be enforceable in New York, a non-compete agreement must pass a test that was established by the Supreme Court of New York called the three-prong test:
- Protectable interest. The non-compete agreement must protect a legitimate business interest and can be no more restrictive than necessary to protect this interest.
- Undue hardship. The employee cannot face undue hardship as a result of the restrictions of the non-compete agreement.
- Public policy. The non-compete agreement cannot be injurious to the public.
An example of a non-compete agreement that is injurious to the public would be an agreement that prohibits a doctor from practicing medicine in a certain area which would limit the public’s ability to select certain doctors for treatment.
What is a Protectable Business Interest in a New York Non-Compete Agreement?
If a non-compete agreement doesn’t protect a legitimate business interest, it will be unenforceable. The New York Supreme Court has determined that the following interests qualify as “protectible business interests”:
- Trade secrets
- Confidential customer information
- Employer’s client base or client lists
In addition, a non-compete agreement can be used to protect an employer from irreparable harm where an employee’s services are unique.
How Long Does a New York Non-Compete Agreement Last?
The Supreme Court of New York has determined that 2 years is a reasonable length of time for a non-compete agreement to last. In addition, the courts have recognized that five years is reasonable for a non-compete agreement that is used when selling a business.
How Do You Get Around a Non-Compete Agreement in New York?
If an employee wants to get around a non-compete agreement in New York, there are a couple of ways this can be accomplished.
- The legitimate interest test. Non-compete agreements in New York must serve the purpose of protecting a legitimate business interest. To get out of a non-compete agreement, an employee can show that the contract is not protecting a legitimate interest.
- Breach of contract. Most non-compete agreements are part of a larger employment contract. If an employer has breached any part of the employment contract, it will be difficult to enforce the non-compete agreement.
- Lack of specific language. To enforce a non-compete agreement, the contract terms need to be specific and cannot be overly broad. If an employee is prohibited from working for a competitor, it must state in what capacity. A non-compete agreement cannot stop an employee for working for a competitor in a different type of job. This is often called the “janitor rule” because courts use the example that a CEO of one company cannot be prohibited from being employed as a janitor at a competing company.
- Lack of competition. The purpose of a non-compete agreement is to prevent unfair competition to an employer’s business. If an employee can prove that they are not in competition with the employer, a non-compete agreement cannot be enforced.
What Voids a New York Non-Compete Agreement?
There are several ways that a New York non-compete agreement can be determined void by a court. These reasons include:
- The employee was fired without cause.
- The terms of the contract impose undue hardship on the employee and their ability to find work.
- An employee’s job skills are rare and necessary for public health.
- The duration is too long or the geographic boundary is too large.
If any of these conditions apply to a non-compete agreement, it may be deemed void by the court.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Craig Y.
Craig E. Yaris is a Founding Partner at Holon Law Partners, with the experience and drive to handle all your Franchise, General Business Practice, Estate Planning and Mediation needs. As a former small business owner and Chief Operating Officer of a franchisor himself, Mr. Yaris is passionate about promoting business growth. He has experience handling daily operations, employee disputes, and negotiations of pertinent contracts for a franchise company with 100 locations in five states, where he organized and conducted semi- annual meetings to educate and inform franchisees of best practices for improved growth. In addition, Mr. Yaris was responsible for the preparation and filing of the UFOC (Uniform Franchise Offering Circular) in several states and is well-versed in business formation. Between his time as Franchisor and Conflict Resolution Specialist, Mr. Yaris was the Co-Founder and Chief Operating Officer of an online company whose goal was to help inform marketers and business owners of the fast-paced and ongoing changes within their specific verticals. This experience helped him hone his research and writing skills and prepared him for the cloud-based aspects of Holon Law Partners. Mr. Yaris also has extensive experience in public speaking, as he has planned and delivered several keynote addresses and educational seminars for many New York-based organizations, and as a Continuing Education Instructor for Hofstra University. Prior to joining Parlatore Law Group, Mr. Yaris worked as a Patient Advocate, and more recently, a Conflict Resolution Specialist, where he mediated and resolved disputes on behalf of patients with insurance companies. In this role, he negotiated for coverage of previously denied medications and medical procedures as well as successfully mediated disputes between individuals and business partners which would have otherwise resulted in protracted litigation. In addition, he has experience mediating employer and employee disputes as well as helping resolve family conflict. He has also studied and attended many Non-Violent Communication (NVC) workshops and strives to bring these tools and methods to all of his mediations. His variety of experiences speak to his ability to handle small business needs at all stages of business growth and development. Mr. Yaris also has experience with business growth and development, as he has worked with several small business on creating and implementing strategies for steady growth. In addition, to spending time with family, Mr. Yaris volunteers his time helping spread the message of the ACLU and he supports many local charities focused on families and children. He is admitted to practice in New York.
"Craig was delightful to work with. He explained everything in detail, answered any questions I had and made sure I was comfortable with the information. Highly recommend."
Nicholas V.
I am a solo practitioner, and manager of the Law Office of Nicholas J. Vail, PLLC, with offices in Denver, Colorado and Austin, Texas with a focus on general business and real estate contracts.
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A seasoned senior executive with experience leading the legal and compliance functions of healthcare entities through high-growth periods. I have experience managing voluminous litigation caseloads, while also handling all pre-litigation investigations for employment, healthcare regulatory, and compliance matters. Similarly, I have led multiple M&A teams through purchase and sale processes, including diligence and contract negotiations. Finally, I have extensive contract review experience in all matters, including debt and equity financing, healthcare payor contracting, vendor and employment agreements, as well as service and procurement agreements.
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Ramanathan C.
Triple Qualified New York Attorney, Australian Lawyer & Enrolled NZ Barrister & Solicitor
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Daehoon P.
Daehoon P.
Corporate, M&A & Securities Lawyer | Managing Attorney, DP Counsel PLLC Practice Areas: Business Formation | Commercial Contracts | Contract Drafting & Review | Mergers & Acquisitions | Venture Capital | Securities Offerings | Franchise Law | Employment & Equity Compensation | Intellectual Property | Cross-Border Transactions About/Bio: I represent companies, investors, and fund sponsors in corporate transactions, commercial contracting, and private securities matters, from entity formation and early-stage financings to acquisitions, exits, and ongoing strategic counsel. As Managing Attorney of DP Counsel PLLC, I help clients structure transactions clearly, allocate risk thoughtfully, and move deals forward with documentation that is practical, enforceable, and aligned with business objectives. My practice includes both day-to-day commercial matters and more complex transactional work, including venture financings, private offerings, M&A deals, fund-related documents, and cross-border structuring. What I Do: Corporate & Commercial • Entity formation and structuring for corporations, LLCs, and limited partnerships • Operating agreements, shareholder agreements, and governance documents • Commercial contract drafting, review, and negotiation • Vendor, distribution, manufacturing, SaaS, and licensing agreements • Employment, consulting, confidentiality, and equity compensation agreements • Outside general counsel support for growing companies Securities & Private Capital • Private offerings under Regulation D and Regulation S • Private placement memoranda, subscription agreements, and investor documents • SAFE, convertible note, and priced equity financings • Venture capital and private fund formation matters • Fund governing documents and offering document packages • Securities law analysis for private capital raising transactions Mergers & Acquisitions • Letters of intent and term sheets • Stock purchase, asset purchase, and merger agreements • Due diligence coordination and transaction support • Disclosure schedules, closing documents, and post-closing matters • Earnouts, rollover equity, indemnity structures, and related deal terms • HSR, CFIUS, and related regulatory issue spotting for qualifying transactions Digital Assets & Emerging Technologies • Federal-law digital asset and token securities analysis • Entity structuring for blockchain and Web3 ventures • Digital asset fund and operating structures • AML/KYC documentation support and regulatory issue spotting Franchising • Franchise Disclosure Documents (FDDs) • Franchise agreements • Master franchise and area development agreements • Franchise structuring and registration coordination Real Estate Transactions • Commercial real estate acquisitions and dispositions • Real estate joint ventures and syndications • Commercial lease drafting and negotiation • Real estate investment structures and related offering documents Cross-Border & International • U.S. market entry and entity structuring for international clients • Delaware and multi-entity holding structures • Cross-border transaction planning and documentation • Coordination with foreign counsel and tax advisors on cross-border matters Why Clients Hire Me: • Big-law-level drafting with boutique responsiveness • Practical, business-focused advice grounded in execution reality • Clear scoping and transparent fee arrangements • Experience across financings, acquisitions, fund formations, and cross-border transactions Typical Projects: • Contract drafting and negotiation • Entity formation and governance packages • Private offering document suites • Venture financing documentation • M&A transactions from LOI through closing • Fractional or outside general counsel support Industries Technology | SaaS | FinTech | Digital Assets | E-commerce | Healthcare | Real Estate | Food & Beverage | Professional Services
"Working with Daehoon was a wonderful experience! As someone establishing a new audiobook narration business, I wanted to be confident that my contracts were carefully written and addressed the unique needs of my work, particularly the important issue of AI voice protection. Daehoon was patient, professional, and attentive to my questions and concerns. I especially appreciated his willingness to work through revisions with me and make sure the final documents reflected what I needed. Throughout the process, I felt that he genuinely cared about doing a good job. His attention to detail and thoughtful approach gave me confidence and peace of mind as I move forward with my business. I’m very grateful for his help and would happily work with him again. Thank you, Daehoon!"
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Perceptive, solution-driven counselor and experienced attorney. Record of successful verdicts, settlements, negotiations, arbitrations, mediations, and deals. Effective claims management, litigation strategy, and risk consulting. Proven ability to oversee litigation teams, communicate to stakeholders, manage multiple projects effectively, and expand business relationships. Extensive experience handling legal issues in engineering and construction, environmental litigation, corporate and contractual, and insurance issues.
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Browse Lawyers NowLawyer Reviews for New York Noncompete Agreement Projects
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"First draft that was delivered didn’t meet expectations. Initially offered to do more work if I paid more. Did agree to take a more comprehensive look and provided services. Very prompt"
Florida LCSW – 1099 Contract, Urgent Non-Compete & Client Solicitation Review
"This was my first time working with a lawyer and it was an extremely positive experience. This matter was extremely urgent and I was able to recieve feedback nearly instantly. I would highly reccomend!"
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Employment
Noncompete Agreement
New York
Noncompete agreement breach consequences?
I recently left my job as an employee at a company that I had worked for for over a year. I was asked to sign a noncompete agreement when I began the job, which I did. I have since started a new job in the same industry as my former employer, which is in violation of the noncompete agreement. I am now wondering what the consequences of this breach of contract may be and am seeking legal advice.
Gregory F.
I would be happy to schedule a paid telephone consultation with you to review the non-compete agreement, advise you on its scope and enforceability, and answer your questions. Please contact me via email at greg@fidlonlegal.com to discuss.
Employee Rights
Noncompete Agreement
Florida
Noncompete agreement geographic scope?
I recently left my job of five years and have been offered a new position with a competitor. The new employer has asked me to sign a noncompete agreement. I am concerned about the geographic scope of the agreement and need to understand what areas it would cover, and if it would prevent me from taking a position with a competitor in another state or country.
Daniel D.
The Courts use a reasonableness standard determine if a non-compete is reasonable in time and geographic scope. It would be necessary to see the non-compete to tell you what it says, the areas it would cover and if it would prevent you from taking another position.
Employment
Noncompete Agreement
Colorado
Can I get out of my noncompete agreement?
I am looking at my options.
Donya G.
You may be able to be released from a non compete. You would have to review the language in the non compete to see the expiration. DISCLAIMER The answers to these questions do not constitute legal advice and does not create an attorney-client relationship with the attorney and anyone who reviews these responses.
Employee Rights
Noncompete Agreement
Texas
Noncompete agreement and moonlighting?
I am an employee at a company that has recently asked me to sign a noncompete agreement. I am considering doing so, but I am concerned about whether or not the agreement would prevent me from taking on additional freelance work outside of my normal job. I am interested in moonlighting and need to know if a noncompete agreement would limit my ability to do so.
Curt L.
If you moonlighting work is in the same business and same market, it is almost certainly prohibited by a noncompete agreement.
Employee Rights
Noncompete Agreement
Washington
Can my employer enforce a non-compete agreement if I was laid off due to COVID-19?
Can my former employer legally enforce the non-compete agreement I signed when I was hired, considering I was recently laid off due to the economic impact of COVID-19 and the agreement seems to restrict my ability to find new employment in my field? I have been actively seeking new job opportunities in the same industry, but potential employers are hesitant to hire me due to the non-compete agreement, which restricts me from working for competitors or starting my own business in the same field for a certain period of time. I want to understand if the non-compete agreement is still valid and enforceable given the circumstances of my layoff and the current job market conditions.
Merry K.
I'm sorry, but your question is impossible to answer without reviewing your contract and knowing more about your type of job and compensation. Be aware that terms in such agreements are often found to be non-enforceable. You can start by reviewing the Washington State law on point: https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=49.62&full=true
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